Towards a Bibliography of Critical Whiteness Studies

Literature, Cinema, and the Visual Arts

Tim Engles

 

Toni Morrison’s Playing in the Dark: Whiteness and the American Literary Imagination, which was published in 1992, has been cited by scholars in many disciplines as a key precursor to the sudden increase of critical whiteness studies that occurred a few years later. Perhaps because Morrison’s powerful critique took the form of literary criticism, subsequent literary scholarship on whiteness has outpaced that of many other disciplines. To date, at least 20 monographs and more than 150 articles directly scrutinize the whiteness of literary production, and of its white authors themselves. As the list below indicates, a few of these studies predate Morrison’s incendiary book, and some even anticipate Morrison’s specific delineations of white authorial tendencies. Nonetheless, most scholarly studies of literary whiteness appeared after Playing in the Dark, and most of these responded in one way or another to Morrison’s call for the scholarly excavation of an “Africanist” presence in American literature, and for understanding of the ironic ontological dependency white identity has had on such figurations of minority people. Scholarship on literary whiteness has been widely interdisciplinary, with references to related work in anthropology, history, sociology, film studies, education, philosophy and other fields. It focuses not only on America’s literature, but also that of England, South Africa, Canada, Australia, and other places where white hegemony has imposed itself.

These scholars frequently use literature as a way to reveal or illuminate realities of actual racial formations, but they often acknowledge as well that literature itself can constitute a penetrating critique of whiteness. As demonstrated by David Roediger’s sampling of such work in Black on White: Black Writers on What It Means to Be White, black authors especially have been studying whiteness and publishing their detailed analyses for a long time, in both creative and non-fiction formats. In limited cases, white authors can also be credited with studying largely unacknowledged facets of their own racial membership. The list below entitled “Literary Studies of Whiteness” offers a sampling of creative critiques by both minority and white authors.

Scholars of whiteness in cinema studies also commonly use heuristics initially clarified by Morrison, but it seems to me that cinema studies has produced a similarly generative figure in Richard Dyer. His 1988 article, which explained how the default lighting standards in classic Hollywood movies were based on Caucasian skin tones, helped many subsequent students of whiteness to understand its naturalizing and universalizing tendencies. Dyer later expanded this article’s insights into a book, simply entitled White (1997), which remains the richest, most provocative study of cinematic whiteness. As with literary criticism, scholars of cinema draw from many other disciplines to examine the dynamics of whiteness and other racial formations as depicted on the screen, as well as the apparent interplay of these dynamics in the minds of the different workers behind the scenes. Some of these studies also argue, implicitly or directly, for the influence cinema can have on actual racial identity formations, both individual and national (a subject again examined at length by Toni Morrison, in her first novel, The Bluest Eye, published in 1970).

In the visual arts, race matters somewhat differently. In comparison to the realms of literature and cinema, extensive attention to the work of minority visual artists has occurred much more recently. Perhaps as a result, when critics, curators, and art historians do choose to focus on matters of race, they do so almost exclusively by focusing on art produced by “people of color,” and they tend to interpret such art as a window into the particular artist’s group-based experience, rather than as insightful commentary on the white majority. In contrast, then, to the rapid proliferation of literary and cinematic studies of whiteness, scholars and artists in the visual arts have generally been slower to take up the topic (or, perhaps, editors have been less willing to consider submissions on the topic). Although some insightful scholarship has appeared on how whiteness affects visual artistic production, and on how it is studied by some visual artists, such analyses remain relatively few. To date, Martin A. Berger’s Sight Unseen: Whiteness and American Visual Culture (2005) may well be the only single-authored book of this sort. Many visual artists themselves have produced work that closely scrutinizes white identity and hegemony, as well as work that recognizes the predominant whiteness of the art world’s exhibition and canonization process. Such racially cognizant artists include Adrian Piper, Ernesto Pujol, Howardena Pindell, Glenn Ligon, Coco Fusco, Emma Amos, and others. Curator and scholar Maurice Berger has undertaken pioneering efforts to illuminate such artistic studies of whiteness, particularly in his analysis of work by Adrian Piper and Nikki S. Lee, and in his recent, high-profile exhibitions of work that explicitly examines the white majority. In 2003, Berger organized a traveling exhibition entitled “White: Whiteness and Race in Contemporary Art,” and in that same year Tyler Stallings, another curator, organized “Whiteness: A Wayward Construction,” perhaps the largest collection of such work to date. While previous exhibits have addressed whiteness itself thematically, these represent a new, intensified inquiry into it as a racial status. Clearly then, a good deal of concentrated thought on whiteness has begun to manifest itself in the visual arts and in the discourses concerning them, and more scholarly analysis is sure to follow.

One final note: all three of these realms — literature, film, and the visual arts — contain many depictions of racial “passing,” a phenomenon that also draws attention to many facets of racial whiteness. However, I have tried to avoid inclusion of such works, and of the scholarship on them, because I would like these lists to represent a discrete and extensive focus on the ramifications of white hegemony by literary, cinematic, and visual artists, and by their scholars and critics.

 

I. Studies of Literary Whiteness

 

Aanerud, Rebecca. “Now More than Ever: James Baldwin and the Critique of White Liberalism.” James Baldwin Now. Dwight A. McBride, ed. NY: NY U P, 1999: 56-74.

————. “Fictions of Whiteness: Speaking the Names of Whiteness in U.S. Literature.” Displacing Whiteness: Essays in Social and Cultural Criticism. Ed. Ruth Frankenberg. Durham: Duke U P, 1997: 35-59.

Abate, Michele Ann. “Launching a Gender B(l)acklash: E.D.E.N. Southworth’s The Hidden Hand and the Emergence of (Racialized) White Tomboyism.” Children’s Literature Association Quarterly 31.1 (Spring 2006): 40-64.

Abbott, Megan E. The Street Was Mine: White Masculinity in Hardboiled Fiction and Film Noir. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2002.

Applegate, Nancy. Significant Others: Images of Whites and Whiteness in the Works of African American Writers. Dissertation. Florida State University, 1994.

Argiro, Thomas. “ ‘As Though We Were Kin’: Faulkner’s Black-Italian Chiasmus.” MELUS 28.3 (Fall 2003): 111-132.

Alberti, John. “The Nigger Huck: Race, Identity, and the Teaching of Huckleberry Finn.” College English 57.8 (December 1995): 919-937.

Armstrong, Julie. “Blinded by Whiteness: Revisiting Flannery O’Connor and Race.” Flannery O’Connor Review 1 (2001-2002): 77-86.

Babb, Valerie. Whiteness Visible: The Meaning of Whiteness in American Literature and Culture. New York: New York U P, 1998.

Barrett, Lindon. “Presence of Mind: Detection and Racialization in ‘The Murders in the Rue Morgue.’ ” Romancing the Shadow: Poe and Race. J. Gerald Kennedy and Liliane Weissberg, eds. Oxford: Oxford UP, 2001: 157-176.

Barrish, Phillip. White Liberal Identity, Literary Pedagogy, and Classic American Realism. Columbus: Ohio State UP, 2005.

Bartini, Arnold J. “Whiteness in Robert Frost’s Poetry.” Massachusetts Review 26.2-3 (Summer-Autumn 1985): 351-356.

Bassett, Jan. “ ‘Preserving the White Race’: Some Australian Women’s Literary Responses to the Great War.” Australian Literary Studies 12.2 (October 1985): 223-233.

Beemer, Suzy. “Masks of Blackness, Masks of Whiteness: Coloring the (Sexual) Subject in Jonson, Cary, and Fletcher.” Thamyris 4.2 (Autumn 1997): 223-247.

Belluscia, Steven J. To Be Suddenly White: Literary Realism and Racial Passing. Columbia: University of Missouri Press, 2006.

Benthien, Claudia. “ ‘The Whiteness Underneath the Nigger’: Albinism and Blackness in John Edgar Wideman’s Sent for You Yesterday.” Utah Foreign Language Review 1997: 3-13.

Berkhofer, Robert F. “Imagery in Literature, Art, and Philosophy: The Indian in White Imagination and Ideology.” The White Man’s Indian: Images of the American Indian, from Columbus to the Present. New York: Vintage Books, 1979: 71-112.

Birnbaum, Michele. “The Politics of Whiteness in Early American Literature.” Eighteenth Century Theory & Interpretation 37.1 (Spring 1996): 94-96.

Bishop, Rudine Sims. “What Has Happened to the ‘All-White’ World of Children’s Books?” Phi Delta Kappan 64 (May 1983): 650-653.

Blau DuPlessis, Rachel. “ ‘Darken Your Speech’: Racialized Cultural Work of Modernist Poets.” Reading Race in American Poetry: “An Area of Act.” Aldon Lynn Nielsen, ed. Urbana: U of Illinois P, 2000: 43-83.

Blish, Mary. “The Whiteness of the Whale Revisited.” CLA Journal 41.1 (Sept 1997): 55-69.

Boddy, Kasia. “The White Boy Looks at the Black Boy, The Black Boy Looks at the White Boy.” Saul Bellow Journal 16-17 (2000-2001): 51-73.

Bouson, J. Brooks. “ ‘You Nothing But Trash’: White Trash Shame in Dorothy Allison’s Bastard Out of Carolina.” Southern Literary Journal 34 (2001): 101-23.

Broeck, Sabine. “When Light Becomes White: Reading Enlightenment through Jamaica Kincaid’s Writing.” Callalo 25.3 (Summer 2002): 821-43.

————. White Amnesia—Black Memory?: American Women’s Writing and History. New York: Peter Lang, 1999.

Burrows, Victoria. Whiteness and Trauma: The Mother-Daughter Knot in the Fiction of Jean Rhys, Jamaica Kincaid and Toni Morrison. New York: Palgrave, 2004.

Callanan, Laura. Deciphering Race: White Anxiety, Racial Conflict, and the Turn to Fiction in Mid-Victorian English Prose. Athens: Ohio State University Press, 2006.

Caparoso Konzett, Delia. “ ‘Getting in Touch with the True South’: Pet Negroes, White Crackers, and Racial Staging in Zora Neal Hurston’s Seraph on the Suwanee.” In Najmi and Srikanth, White Women in Racialized Spaces: 131-146.

Carr, Duane R. “The Dispossessed White as Naked Ape and Stereotyped Hillbilly in the Southern Novels of Cormac McCarthy.” The Midwest Quarterly 40.1 (Autumn 1998): 9-20.

————. A Question of Class: The Redneck Stereotype in Southern Fiction. Bowling Green: Popular Press, 1996.

————. “Heroism and Tragedy: The Rise of the Redneck in Glasgow’s Fiction.” Mississippi Quarterly 49.2 (Spring 1996): 333-43.

Chavny, Peter A. “ ‘Those Indians Are Great Thieves, I Suppose?’: Historicizing the White Woman in The Squatter and the Don.” In Najmi and Srikanth, White Women in Racialized Spaces: 105-118.

Chenetier, Marc. “ ‘On Being White’: Blancheur du Texte (William Gass, ‘The Pedersen Kid’).” Q/W/E/R/T/Y: Arts, Litteratures & Civilisations du Monde Anglophone 1 (1991): 191-207.

Cook, Sylvia Jenkins. From Tobacco Road to Route 66: The Southern Poor White in Fiction. Chapel Hill: U of North Carolina P, 1976.

Cook-Lynn, Elizabeth. Why I Can’t Read Wallace Stegner and Other Essays: A Tribal Voice. Madison: U of Wisconsin P, 1996.

Costello, Brannon. “Hybridity and Racial Identity in Walker Percy’s The Last Gentleman.” Mississippi Quarterly 55.1 (Winter 2001-2002): 3-41.

Cox, James H. Muting White Noise: Native American and European American Novel Traditions. Norman: U of Oklahoma P, 2006.

Churchill, Ward. Fantasies of the Master Race: Literature, Cinema and the Colonization of American Indians. San Francisco: City Lights, 1998.

Coleman, Deirdre. “Janet Schaw and the Complexions of Empire.” Eighteenth-Century Studies 36.2 (Winter 2003): 169-93.

Coviello, Peter. “Poe in Love: Pedophilia, Morbidity, and the Logic of Slavery.” ELH 70.3 (2003): 875-901.

Crane, Ralph J. “Playing the White Man: Ronald Merrick, Whiteness, and Erotic Triangles in Paul Scott’s Raj Quartet.” Journal of Commonwealth Literature 39.1 (2004): 19-28.

Curry, Renée R. White Women Writing White: H.D., Elizabeth Bishop, Sylvia Plath, and Whiteness. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 2000.

Daly, Brenda O. “Taking Whiteness Personally: Learning to Teach Testimonial Reading and Writing in the College Literature Classroom.” Pedagogy 5.2 (Spring 2005): 213-246.

Davis, Thadious M. “Race Cards: Trumping and Troping in Constructing Whiteness.” Donald M. Kartiganer and Ann J. Abadie, eds. Faulkner at 100: Retrospect and Prospect. Jackson: U P of Mississippi, 2000: 165-79.

del Gizzo, Suzanna. “Going Home: Hemingway, Primitivism, and Identity.” MFS: Modern Fiction Studies 49.3 (2003): 496-523.

Deloria, Philip Joseph. “Literary Indians and Ethnographic Objects.” Playing Indian. New Haven: Yale U P, 1999: 71-94.

Demirturk, Lale. “Mapping the Terrain of Whiteness: Richard Wright’s Savage Holiday.” MELUS 24.1 (Spring 1999): 129-140.

DiPiero, Thomas. “Missing Links: Whiteness and the Color of Reason in the Eighteenth Century.” Eighteenth Century: Theory & Interpretation 40.2 (Summer 1999): 155-174.

Doolen, Andy. Fugitive Empire: Locating Early American Imperialism. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 2006.

Dubek, Laura. “White Family Values in Ann Petry’s Country Place.” MELUS 29.2 (Summer 2004): 55-77.

DuPlessis, Rachel Blau. “ ‘HOO, HOO, HOO’: Some Episodes in the Construction of Modern Whiteness.” American Literature 67.4 (Dec 1995): 667-700.

Dyer. Joyce. “Reading The Awakening with Toni Morrison.” The Southern Literary Journal 35.1 (Fall 2002): 138-154.

Eagan, Catherine M. “ ‘White,’ if ‘Not Quite’: Irish Whiteness in the Nineteenth-Century Irish-American Novel.” ire-Ireland: A Journal of Irish Studies 36.1-2 (Spring-Summer 2001): 66-81.

Early, Frances. “Whiteness and Political Purpose in The Noose, an Anti-lynching Play by Tracy Mygatt.” Women’s History Review 11.1 (2002): 27-47.

Eddy, Sara. “ ‘Wheat and Potatoes’: Reconstructing Whiteness in O. E. Rolvaag’s Immigrant Trilogy.” MELUS 26.1 (Spring 2001): 129-149.

Ellis, Juniper. “Writing Race: Education and Ethnography in Kipling’s Kim.” Centennial Review 39.2 (Spring 1995): 315-329.

Ellis, R. J. “ ‘Latent Color’ and ‘Exaggerated Snow’: Whiteness and Race in Harriet Prescott Spofford’s ‘The Amber Gods.’ ” Journal of American Studies 40.2 (August 2006): 257-282.

————. “High Standards for White Conduct: Race, Racism, and Class in Dangling Man.” Saul Bellow Journal 16-17 (2000-2001): 26-50.

Ellis, Robert Richmond. “The Inscription of Masculinity and Whiteness in the Autobiography of Mario Vargas Llosa.” Bulletin of Latin American Research 17.2 (May 1998): 223-236.

Ellison, Ralph. “Twentieth-Century Fiction and the Black Mask of Humanity.” 1953. In Shadow and Act. New York: Vintage Books, 1995.

Eng, David. “Heterosexuality in the Face of Whiteness: Divided Belief in M. Butterfly.” Racial Castration: Managing Masculinity in Asian America. Durham: Duke U P, 2001: 137-166.

Engles, Tim. “Connecting White Noise to Critical Whiteness Studies.” Approaches to Teaching DeLillo’s White Noise. Tim Engles and John Duvall, eds. Modern Language Association Publications, 2006: 63-72.

————. “The Perils of Disembodied Readership.” MFS Modern Fiction Studies 47.4 (Winter 2001): 995-1003.

————. “ ‘Who Are You, Literally?’: Fantasies of the White Self in White Noise.” MFS: Modern Fiction Studies 45.3 (Fall 1999): 755-787.

————. “ ‘Visions of me in the whitest raw light’: Assimilation and Doxic Whiteness in Chang-rae Lee’s Native Speaker.” Hitting Critical Mass: A Journal of Asian American Cultural Studies 4.2 (Summer 1997): 27-48.

Entzminger, Betina. “Playing in the Dark with Welty: The Symbolic Role of African Americans in Delta Wedding.” College Literature 30.3 (2003): 52-67.

————. The Belle Gone Bad: White Southern Women Writers and the Dark Seductress. Louisiana State U P, 2002.

Erickson, Peter. “Images of White Identity in Othello.” Othello: New Critical Essays. Philip C. Kolin, ed. New York: Routledge: 2002, 133-145.

Erkkila, Betsy. “The Poetics of Whiteness: Poe and the Racial Imaginary.” Romancing the Shadow: Poe and Race. J. Gerald Kennedy and Liliane Weissberg, eds. Oxford: Oxford U P, 2001: 41-74.

Ernest, John. “The Reconstruction of Whiteness: William Wells Brown’s The Escape; or, A Leap for Freedom.” PMLA: Publications of the Modern Language Association 113.5 (Oct 1998): 1108-1121.

Fisher Fishkin, Shelley. Was Huck Black?: Mark Twain and African-American Voices. New York: Oxford U P, 1993.

Furth, Isabella. “Manifest Destiny, Manifest Domesticity, and the Leaven of Whiteness in Uncle Tom’s Cabin.” Arizona Quarterly 55.2 (Summer 1999): 31-55.

Goldsmith, Meredith. “White Skin, White Mask: Passing, Posing, and Performing in The Great Gatsby.” MFS: Modern Fiction Studies 49.3 (2003): 443-468.

Gubar, Susan. Racechanges: White Skin, Black Face in American Culture. New York: Oxford U P, 1997.

Hall, Kim F. “ ‘These Bastard Signs of Fair’: Literary Whiteness in Shakespeare’s Sonnets.” Post-Colonial Shakespeares. Ania Loomba and Martin Orkin, eds. New York: Routledge, 1998: 64-83.

Hardack, Richard. “Black Skin, White Tissues: Local Color and Universal Solvents in the Novels of Charles Johnson.” Callaloo 22.4 (1999): 1028-1053.

Harris, Jennifer. “Ain’t No Border Wide Enough: Writing Black Canada in Lawrence Hill’s Any Known Blood.” Journal of American Culture 27.4 (Dec 2004): 367-375.

Hedges, Warren. “If Uncle Tom Is White, Should We Call Him ‘Auntie’? Race and Sexuality in Postbellum U.S. Fiction.” Whiteness: A Critical Reader. Mike Hill, ed. NY: New York U P, 1997: 226-247.

Heneghan, Bridget. “The Pot Calling the Kettle: White Goods and the Construction of Race in Antebellum America.” Nineteenth Century Studies 17 (2003): 107-132.

Hill, Mike. “How Color Saved the Canon.” After Whiteness: Unmaking an American Majority. NY: New York U P, 2004.

Hinchcliffe, Richard. “Striking A Chorde: The Dean’s Melancholy Vision of Blackness in Saul Bellow’s The Dean’s December.” Saul Bellow Journal 16-17 (Summer-Winter 2001): 186-214.

Hogue, Cynthia. “Beyond the Frame of Whiteness: Harryette Mullen’s Revisionary Border Work.” We Who Love to Be Astonished: Experimental Women’s Writing and Performance Poetics. Laura Hinton and Cynthia Hogue, eds. Tuscaloosa: U of Alabama P, 2002: 81-89.

Horrell, Georgina. “A Whiter Shade of Pale: White Femininity as Guilty Masquerade in ‘New’ (White) South African Women’s Writing.” Journal of Southern African Studies 30.4 (Dec 2004):
765-776.

Hughes, Langston. “The Negro Artist and the Racial Mountain.” 1926. In Within the Circle: An Anthology of African American Literary Criticism from the Harlem Renaissance to the Present. Angelyn Mitchell, ed. Durham: Duke U P, 1994: 55-59.

Huh, Jinny. “Whispers of Norbury: Sir Arthur Conan Doyle and the Modernist Crisis of Racial (Un)detection.” MFS: Modern Fiction Studies 49.3 (2003): 550-580.

Huhndorf, Shari M. Going Native: Indians in the American Cultural Imagination. Ithaca: Cornell U P, 2001.

Hume Oliver, Terri. “Prison, Perversion, and Pimps: The White Temptress in The Autobiography of Malcolm X and Iceberg Slim’s Pimp.” In Najmi and Srikanth, White Women in Racialized Spaces: 147-165.

Husni, Khalil. “Ishmael’s Leviathanic Vision: A Study in Whiteness.” Studia Anglica Posnaniensia: an International Review of English Studies 13 (1981): 177-190.

Ingram, Penelope. “Racializing Babylon: Settler Whiteness and the ‘New Racism.’ ” New Literary History 32.1 (Winter 2001): 157-176.

Jacobs, Margaret D. “Mixed-Bloods, Mestizas, and Pintos: Race, Gender, and Claims to Whiteness in Helen Hunt Jackson’s Ramona and Maria Amparo Ruiz de Burton’s Who Would Have Thought It?” Western American Literature 36.3 (Fall 2001): 212-231.

Jay, Gregory S. “Jewish Writers in a Multicultural Literature Class.” Heath Anthology Newsletter 16 (Fall 1997). 8-11. http://www.uwm.edu/~gjay/Multicult/jewishwriters.htm

Jennings, Rachel. “Celtic Women and White Guilt: Frankie Silver and Chipita Rodriguez in Folk Memory.” MELUS: Multi-Ethnic Literatures of the United States 28.1 (Spring 2003): 17-38.

Keenaghan, Eric. “A Virile Poet in the Borderlands: Wallace Stevens’s Reimagining of Race and Masculinity.” Modernism - Modernity 9.3 (September 2002): 439-462.

Kintz, Linda. “Performing Virtual Whiteness: The Psychic Fantasy of Globalization.” Comparative Literature 53.4 (Fall 2001): 333-353.

Klotman, Phyllis R. “An Examination of Whiteness in Blood on the Forge.” CLA Journal 15 (1972): 459-464.

Knadler, Stephen P. The Fugitive Race: Minority Writers Resisting Whiteness. Oxford: U of Mississippi P, 2002.

Knadler, Stephen. “ ‘Blanca from the Block’: Whiteness and the Transnational Latina Body.” Genders 41 (2005). October 30, 2006. <http://www.genders.org/g41/g41_knadler.html>

Kucich, John. “Postmodern Politics: Don DeLillo and the Plight of the White Male Writer.” Michigan Quarterly Review 27.2 (1988): 328-341.

Larrick, Nancy. “The All-White World of Children’s Books.” Saturday Review 48 (September 11, 1965): 63-65.

Lee, Karen A. “John Ford’s The Searchers (1956) in Chuang Hua’s Crossings: A Chinese American Woman’s Categorical Liminality in a Cold War Society.” Hitting Critical Mass: a Journal of Asian American Cultural Criticism 4.2 (Summer 1997): 79-86.

Lee, Maurice. “Absolute Poe: His System of Transcendental Racism.” American Literature 75.4 (December 2003): 751-781.

Lee Miller, Melissa. “The Imperial Feminine: Victorian Woman Travellers in Egypt.” In Najmi and Srikanth, White Women in Racialized Spaces: 227-242.

Le Menager, Stephanie. “Floating Capital: The Trouble with Whiteness on Twain’s Mississippi.” ELH 71.2 (Summer 2004): 405-431.

LeSeur, Geta. “The Monster-Machine and the White Mausoleum: Paule Marshall’s Metaphors for Western Materialism.” CLA Journal 39.1 (September 1995): 49-61.

Levine, Andrea. “The (Jewish) White Negro: Norman Mailer’s Racialized Bodies.” MELUS 28.2 (Summer 2003): 59-82.

Lewis, Simon. White Women Writers and Their African Invention. U P of Florida, 2003.

Lewis, Nghana tamu. Entitled to the Pedestal: Place, Race, and Progress in White Southern Women’s Writing, 1920-1945. Iowa City: U of Iowa P, 2007.

Linafelt, Tod. “Margins of Lamentations, or, the Unbearable Whiteness of Reading.” Reading Bibles, Writing Bodies: Identity and the Book. Beal, Timothy K. and David M. Gunn, eds. London: Routledge, 1997: 219-231.

Lipari, Lisbeth. “‘Fearful of the Written Word’: White Fear, Black Writing, and Lorraine Hansberry’s A Raisin in the Sun Screenplay.” Quarterly Journal of Speech 90.1 (Feb 2004): 81-103.

Lopez, Alfred. “(Un)Concealed Histories: Whiteness and the Land in Michelle Cliff’s Abeng.” Macomere: Journal of the Association of Caribbean Women Writers & Scholars 4 (2001): 173-181.

Lott, Eric. “Mr. Clemens and Jim Crow: Twain, Race, and Blackface.” The Cambridge Companion to Mark Twain. Forrest G. Robinson, ed. New York: Cambridge U P, 1995: 129-52.

————. “White Like Me: Racial Cross-Dressing and the Construction of American Whiteness.” Cultures of United States Imperialism. Amy E Kaplan and Donald E. Pease, eds. Durham: Duke U P, 1993: 474-495.

Luis-Brown, David. “ ‘White slaves’ and the ‘Arrogant Mestiza’: Reconfiguring Whiteness in The Squatter and the Don and Ramona.” American Literature 69.4 (Dec 1997): 813-839.

MacDonald, Joyce Green. “Race Matters in American Culture.” College Literature 26.2 (Spring 1999): 193-199.

Marcus, Jane. Hearts of Darkness: White Women Write Race. Newark: Rutgers U P, 2004.

McCoy, Beth, Jacqueline M. Jones. “Between Spaces: Meditations on Toni Morrison and Whiteness in the Classroom.” College English 68.1 (September 2005): 42-71.

 McCoy, Beth. “Rumors of Grace: White Masculinity in Pauline Hopkins’s Contending Forces.” African American Review 37.4 (Winter 2003): 569-581.

Michaelsen, Scott. “Destructuring Whiteness: Color, Animality, Hierarchy (William Apess, James Fenimore Cooper, Lewis Henry Morgan).” The Limits of Multiculturalism: Interrogating the Origins of American Anthropology. Minneapolis: U of Minnesota P, 1999: 59-93.

Mohanty, Satya P. “Drawing the Color Line: Kipling and the Culture of Colonial Rule.” The Bounds of Race: Perspectives on Hegemony and Resistance. Dominick LaCapra, ed. Ithaca: Cornell U P, 1991: 311-343.

Morgan, Susan. “Chinese Coolies, Hidden Perfumes, and Harriet Beecher Stowe in Anna Leonowen’s The Romance of the Hare.” In Najmi and Srikanth, White Women in Racialized Spaces: 243-256.

Morrison, Toni. Playing in the Dark: Whiteness and the Literary Imagination. Cambridge: Harvard U P, 1992.

Mullen, Harryette. “Optic White: Blackness and the Production of Whiteness.” Diacritics: A Review of Contemporary Criticism 24.2-3 (Summer-Fall 1994): 71-89.

Munafo, Giavanna. “‘Colored Biscuits’: Reconstructing Whiteness and the Boundaries of ‘Home’ in Kaye Gibbons’s Ellen Foster.” Women, America, and Movement: Narratives of Relocation. Susan L. Roberson, ed. Columbia: U of Missouri P, 1998: 38-61.

Nadel, Alan. “August Wilson and the (Color-Blind) Whiteness of Public Space.” Theater 27.2-3 (1997): 38-41.

Najmi, Samina, Rajini Srikanth, eds. White Women in Racialized Spaces: Imaginative Transformation and Ethical Action in Literature. Albany, New York: State U of New York P, 2002.

Nelson, Dana D. National Manhood: Capitalist Citizenship and the Imagined Fraternity of White Men. Durham: Duke U P, 1998.

Newman, Jane O. “Almost White, but Not Quite: Race Gender, and the Disarticulation of the Imperial Subject in Lohenstein’s Cleopatra (1680).” Signs of the Early Modern 2: 17th Century and Beyond. David Lee Rubin ed. Charlottesville: Rookwood P, 1997: 94-120.

Nicholls, Brendon. “The Melting Pot That Boiled Over: Racial Fetishism and the Lingua Franca of Jack Kerouac’s Fiction.”
MFS: Modern Fiction Studies 49.3 (2003): 524-549.

Nielsen, Aldon L. Writing Between the Lines: Race and Intertextuality. Athens: U of Georgia P, 1994.

————. Reading Race: White American Poets and the Racial Discourse in the Twentieth Century. Athens: U of Georgia P, 1988.

Nies, Betsy L. Eugenic Fantasies: Racial Ideology in the Literature and Popular Culture of the 1920’s. New York: Routledge, 2002.

Nixon, Timothy K. “Same Path, Different Purpose: Chopin’s La Folle and Welty’s Phoenix Jackson.” Women’s Studies 32.8 (Dec 2003):
937-957.

Ochoa, Peggy. “Morrison’s Beloved: Allegorically Othering ‘White’ Christianity.” MELUS 24.2 (Summer 1999): 107-123.

Olson, Liesl M. “‘Under the Lids of Jerusalem’: The Guised Role of Jewishness in Henry James’s The Golden Bowl.” MFS: Modern Fiction Studies 49.4 (2003): 660-686.

Parker, Robert Dale. “Red Slippers and Cottonmouth Moccasins: White Anxieties in Faulkner’s Indian Stories.” Naissances de Faulkner. Andre Bleikasten et al, eds. Rennes, France: PU de Rennes, 2000: 71-82.

Paul, Heike. “Old, New and ‘Neo’ Immigrant Fictions in American Literature: The Immigrant Presence in David Guterson’s Snow Falling on Cedars and T. C. Boyle’s The Tortilla Curtain.” Amerikastudien/American Studies 46.2 (2001): 249-265.

Paulin, Diana R. “ ‘Let Me Play Desdemona’: White Heroines and Interracial Desire in Louisa May Alcott’s ‘My Contraband’ and ‘M.L.’ ” In Najmi and Srikanth, White Women in Racialized Spaces: 119-130.

Pérez-Torres, Rafael. “Tracing and Erasing: Race and Pedagogy in
The Bluest Eye.” Approaches to Teaching the Novels of Toni Morrison. Nellie Y. McKay, ed. New York: MLA Publications, 1997: 21-26.

Perreault, Jeanne. “Writing Whiteness: Linda Griffiths’s Raced Subjectivity in The Book of Jessica.” Essays on Canadian Writing 60 (Winter 1996): 14-31.

Perregaux, Myriam. “Whiteness as Unstable Construction: Kate Pullinger’s The Last Time I Saw Jane.” Literature and Racial Ambiguity. Teresa Hubel and Neil Brooks, eds. Amsterdam: Rodopi, 2002: 71-91.

Phillips, Jerry. “Literature in the Country of ‘Whiteness’: From T.S. Eliot to The Tempest.” Whiteness: A Critical Reader. Ed. Mike Hill. NY: New York U P, 1997: 329-345.

Piedra, José. “Literary Whiteness and the Afro-Hispanic Difference.” New Literary History. 18.2 (Winter 1987): 303-332. (rprt: The Bounds of Race: Perspectives on Hegemony and Resistance, Dominick LaCapra, ed. Ithaca: Cornell U P, 1991).

Piper, Karen. “Reading Whites: Allegory in D’Arcy McNickle’s Wind from An Enemy Sky.” MELUS 24.3 (Autumn 1999): 81-96.

Pollak, Vivian. “Dickinson and the Poetics of Whiteness.” The Emily Dickinson Journal 9.2 (2000): 84-95.

Pruett, Christina. “The Complexions of ‘Race’ and the Rise of ‘Whiteness’ Studies.” Clio: A Journal of Literature History & the Philosophy of History 32.1 (Fall 2002): 27-50.

Prosser, Jay. “Under the Skin of John Updike: Self-Consciousness and the Racial Unconscious.” PMLA 116.3 (May 2001): 579-593

Railton, Ben. “‘What Else Could a Southern Gentleman Do?’: Quentin Compson, Rhett Butler, and Miscegenation.” The Southern Literary Journal 35.2 (2003): 41-63.

Roberts, Brian. “Blackface Minstrelsy and Jewish Identity: Fleshing Out Ragtime as the Central Metaphor in E. L. Doctorow’s Ragtime.” Critique 45.3 (Spring 2004): 247-259.

Robinson, Angelo Rich. “Race, Place, and Space: Remaking Whiteness in the Post-Reconstruction South.” The Southern Literary Journal 35.1 (2002): 97-107.

Roediger, David R., ed. Black on White: Black Writers on What It Means to Be White. New York: Schocken Books, 1998.

————. “Guineas, Wiggers and the Dramas of Racialized Culture.” American Literary History 7 (Winter 1995): 654-668.

Robinson, Sally. Marked Men: White Masculinity in Crisis. New York: Columbia U P, 2000.

Roger, Philip. “No Longer at Ease: Chinua Achebe’s ‘Heart of Whiteness.’ ” Research in African Literatures 14.2 (Summer 1983): 165-183. Reprinted in Postcolonial Literatures: Achebe, Ngugi, Desai, Walcott. Michael Parker and Roger Starkey, eds. New York: St. Martin’s, 1995: 53-63.

Ryan, Tim. “One Shiny Bleach Job: The Power of Whiteness in James Ellroy’s American Tabloid.” Journal of American Culture 27.1(Sep2004): 271-280.

Sanchez, María Carla. “Whiteness Invisible: Early Mexican American Writing and the Color of Literary History.” María Carla Sanchez and Linda Schlossberg, eds. Passing: Identity and Interpretation in Sexuality, Race, and Religion. New York: New York U P, 2001: 64-91.

Sanchez-Eppler, Benigno. “ ‘Por causa mecanica’: The Coupling of Bodies and Machines and the Production and Reproduction of Whiteness in Cecilia Valdes and Nineteenth-Century Cuba.” Thinking Bodies. Juliet Flower MacCannell and Laura Zakarin, eds. Stanford: Stanford U P, 1994: 78-86.

Sandell, Jillian. “Telling Stories of ‘Queer White Trash’: Race, Class, and Sexuality in the Work of Dorothy Allison.” White Trash: Race and Class in America. Matt Wray and Annalee Newitz, eds. New York: Routledge, 1996: 211-230.

Schacht, Miriam H. “An Early and Strong Sympathy: The Indian Writings of William Gilmore Simms.” (review) Studies in American Indian Literatures 17.1 (Spring 2005): 107-110.

Scheckel, Susan. The Insistence of the Indian. Princeton: Princeton U P, 1998.

Schocket, Eric. “ ‘Discovering Some New Race: Rebecca Harding Davis’s ‘Life in the Iron Mills’ and the Literary Emergence of Working-Class Whiteness.” PMLA (Publications of the Modern Language Association of America) 115.1 (Jan 2000): 46-59.

Schrag, Mitzi. “ ‘Whiteness’ as Loss in Sarah Orne Jewett’s ‘The Foreigner.’ ” Jewett and Her Contemporaries: Reshaping the Canon. Karen L. Kilcup and Thomas S. Edwards, eds. Gainesville: U P of Florida, 1999: 185-206.

Schueller, Malini Johar. “Performing Whiteness, Performing Blackness: Dorr’s Cultural Capital and the Critique of Slavery.” Criticism: A Quarterly for Literature & the Arts 41.2 (Spring 1999): 233-256.

Schultz, Elizabeth “Richard Wright Re-writes Moby-Dick.” African American Review 33.4 (Winter 1999): 639-654.

Sherman, Joseph. “Serving the Natives: Whiteness as the Price of Hospitality in South African Yiddish Literature.” Journal
of Southern African Studies. 26.3 (September 2000): 505-521.

Shin, Andrew. “Projected Bodies in David Henry Hwang’s M. Butterfly and Golden Gate.” MELUS 27.1 (Spring 2002): 177-197.

Simpkins, Scott. “White Semiotics: Austen’s The Watsons and the Performance of Caucasianality.” Semiotics Yearbook 1998. C. W. Spinks and John Deely, eds. New York: Peter Lang, 1999: 299-305.

Singh, Frances B. “Motley’s the Only Wear’: Hybridity, Homelands, and Colonial Trauma.” Postcolonial Whiteness: A Critical Reader on Race and Empire. Ed. Alfred A. López. Albany: SUNY P, 2005: 183-200.

Sisney, Mary F. “The Power and Horror of Whiteness: Wright and Ellison Respond to Poe.” CLA Journal 29.1 (Sept 1985): 82-90.

Smith, Daniel Lionel. “Black Critics and Mark Twain.” The Cambridge Companion to Mark Twain. Forrest G. Robinson, ed. NY: Cambridge University Press, 1995: 116-128.

Smith, Judith E. “Competing Postwar Representations of Universalism.” Visions of Belonging: Family Stories, Popular Culture, and Postwar Democracy, 1940-1960. NY: Columbia University Press, 2004: 208-239.

Solomon, William. “Secret Integrations: Black Humor and the Critique of Whiteness.” MFS: Modern Fiction Studies 49.3 (2003): 469-495.

Sommer, Doris. “Who Can Tell? The Blanks in Villaverde.” Mixing Race, Mixing Culture: Inter-American Literary Dialogues. Monika Kaup and Debra J. Rosenthal, eds. Austin: U of Texas P, 2002: 23-49.

————. “Freely and Equally Yours, Walt Whitman.” Proceed with Caution when Engaged by Minority Writing in the Americas. Cambridge MA: Harvard U P, 1999: 35-60.

Spencer, Stephen. “The Discourse of Whiteness: Chinese-American History, Pearl S. Buck, and The Good Earth.” Americana: the Journal of American Popular Culture (1900-Present) 1.1 (Spring 2002). <http://www.americanpopularculture.com/journal/articles/spring_2002/spencer.htm>

Spillers, Hortense. “Changing the Letter: The Yokes, the Jokes of Discourse, or, Mrs. Stowe, Mr. Reed.” Slavery and the Literary Imagination: Selected Papers from the English Institute, 1987. Debora McDowell and Arnold Rampersad, eds. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins U P, 1988: 25-61. rprt in Hortense Spillers, Black, White, and in Color: Essays on American Literature and Culture, Chicago: U of Chicago P, 2003: 176-202.

Srikanth, Rajini. “Ventriloquism in the Captivity Narrative: White Women Challenging American Patriarchy.” In Najmi and Srikanth, White Women in Racialized Spaces: 85-104.

Steen, Shannon. “Melancholy Bodies: Racial Subjectivity and Whiteness in O’Neill’s The Emperor Jones.” Theatre Journal 52.3 (Oct 2000): 339-359.

Stephens, Judith L. “Racial Violence and Representation: Performance Strategies in Lynching Dramas of the 1920s.”
African American Review 33.4 (Winter, 1999): 655-671.

Swan, Jesse G ‘‘Imbodies, and imbrutes’: Constructing Whiteness in Milton’s A Maske Presented at Ludlow Castle.” Clio 33.4 (Summer 2004): 367-395

Szalay, Michael. “The White Oriental.” Modern Language Quarterly: A Journal of Literary History 67.3 (September 2006): 363-396.

Tate, Claudia. “Hitting ‘A Straight Lick with a Crooked Stick’: Seraph on the Suwanee, Zora Neale Hurston’s Whiteface Novel.” The Psychoanalysis of Race. Christopher Lane, ed. New York: Columbia U P, 1998: 380-394.

Tinnemeyer, Andrea. “Enlightenment Ideology and the Crisis of Whiteness in Francis Berrian and Caballero.” Western American Literature 35.1 (Spring 2000): 21-32.

Traber, Daniel S. Whiteness, Otherness, and the Individualism Paradox from Huck to Punk. NY: Palgrave Macmillan, 2007.

————. “Whiteness and the Rejected Other in The Sun Also Rises.” Studies in American Fiction 28.2 (Autumn 2000): 235-253. Rpt. in Ernest Hemingway’s The Sun Also Rises: A Casebook. Ed. Linda Wagner-Martin. New York: Oxford UP, 2002: 167-185.

————. “‘Ruder Forms Survive,’ or Slumming for Subjectivity: Self-Marginalization in Suttree.” The Southern Quarterly 37.2 (1999): 33-46.

Turner, Jeff. “No Curtain. No Scenery: Thornton Wilder’s Our Town and the Politics of Whiteness.” Theatre Symposium: a Journal of the Southeastern Theatre Conference 9 (2001): 107-15.

Tuttle, Jennifer S. “Indigenous Whiteness and Wister’s Invisible Indians.” Reading The Virginian in The New West. Stephen Tatum and Melody Graulich, eds. Lincolnwood, IL: U of Nebraska P, 2003: 89-112

Uchmanowicz, Pauline. “Vanishing Vietnam: Whiteness and the Technology of Memory.” Literature & Psychology 41.4 (1995): 30-50.

Usekes, Cigdem. “‘We’s the Leftovers’: Whiteness as Economic Power and Exploitation in August Wilson’s Twentieth-Century Cycle of Plays.” African American Review 37.1 (Spring 2003): 115-125.

————. “‘You Always under Attack’: Whiteness as Law and Terror in August Wilson’s Twentieth-Century Cycle of Plays.” American Drama 10.2 (Summer 2001): 48-68.

Varvogli, Aliki. “‘The Corrupting Disease of Being White’: Notions of Selfhood in Mr. Sammler’s Planet and Herzog.” Saul Bellow Journal 16-17 (2000-2001): 150-164.

Viscusi, Robert. “Son of Italy: Immigrant Ambitions and American Literature.” MELUS 28.3 (Fall 2003): 42-54.

Vogel, Todd. ReWriting White: Race, Class, and Culture in Nineteenth-Century America. New Brunswick: Rutgers U P, 2004.

Wald, Gayle. “‘A Most Disagreeable Mirror’: Reflections on White Identity in Black Like Me.” Crossing the Line: Racial Passing in Twentieth-Century U.S. Literature and Culture. Durham: Duke U P, 2000: 152-81.

Walter, Scott M. White Is and White Ain’t: Representations and Analyses of Whiteness in the Novels of Chester Himes. Dissertation. Bowling Green State University, 2005.

Walton, Jean. “‘Nightmare of the Uncoordinated White Folk’: Race, Psychoanalysis, and H.D.’s Borderline.” The Psychoanalysis of Race. Christopher Lane, ed. New York: Columbia U P, 1998: 395-416.

Wesley, Marilyn C. “White Epics: Russell Banks’s Continental Drift and Don DeLillo’s Libra.” Violent Adventure: Contemporary Fiction by American Men. Charlottesville: U of Virginia P, 2003.

Wiegman, Robyn. “Fiedler and Sons.” Race and the Subject of Masculinities. Eds. Harry Stecopoulos and Michael Uebel. Durham: Duke U P, 1997: 45-68.

Wilson, Matthew. Whiteness in the Novels of Charles W. Chesnutt. Oxford: U of Mississippi P, 2004.

————. “Who Has the Right to Say? Charles W. Chesnutt, Whiteness, and the Public Sphere.” College Literature 26.2 (Spring 1999): 18-35.

Wolf, Elizabeth Ann. “The Politics of Rhetorical Strategy: Kate Chopin’s ‘La Belle Zoraide.’ ” Southern Studies 8.1-2 (Winter-Spring 1997): 43-51.

Wu, Cynthia. “Expanding Southern Whiteness: Reconceptualizing Ethnic Difference in the Short Fiction of Carson McCullers.” Southern Literary Journal 34.1 (Fall 2001): 44-55.

Xiaojing, Zhou. “Subject Positions in Elizabeth Bishop’s Representations of Whiteness and the ‘Other.’ ” In Najmi and Srikanth, White Women in Racialized Spaces: 167-192.

Yaeger, Patricia. “White Dirt: The Surreal Racial Landscapes of Willa Cather’s South.” Willa Cather’s Southern Connections: New Essays on Cather and the South. Ann Romines, ed. Charlottesville: U P of Virginia, 2000: 138-155.

Yancy, George. “The Black Self within a Semiotic Space of Whiteness: Reflections on the Racial Deformation of Pecola Breedlove in Toni Morrison’s The Bluest Eye.” CLA Journal 43.3 (March 2000): 299-319.

————. “A Foucauldian (Genealogical) Reading of Whiteness: The Production of the Black Body/Self and the Racial Deformation of Pecola Breedlove in Toni Morrison’s The Bluest Eye.” What White Looks Like: African-American Philosophers on the Whiteness Question. George Yancy, ed. NY: Routledge, 2004: 107-142.

 

II. Literary Studies of Whiteness

 

Allison, Dorothy. Bastard Out of Carolina. 1992. New York: Plume, Penguin, 1993.

————. Trash: Stories. Firebrand Books, 1988.

Baldwin, James. “Going to Meet the Man.” 1965. Going to Meet the Man. New York: Vintage, 1995.

Boyle, T. Coraghessan. The Tortilla Curtain. New York: Viking, 1995.

Caldwell, Erskine. Tobacco Road. 1932. Athens: U of Georgia P, 1985.

Chesnutt, Charles W. “The Passing of Grandison.” 1899. Stories, Novels, and Essays. New York: Library of America, 2002: 188-206.

Childress, Alice. Like One of the Family: Conversations from a Domestic’s Life. 1956. Boston: Beacon Press, 1986.

Clarke, Brock. The Ordinary White Boy. New York: Harcourt, 2001.

Cuthbert, Marian Vera. “Mob Madness.” 1934. In Roediger, Black on White: Black Writers on What It Means to Be White: 338-341.

De Grazia, Don. American Skin. 1998. New York: Touchstone, 2000.

DeLillo, Don. White Noise. New York: Viking, 1985.

Douglas, Ellen. Can’t Quit You, Baby. Atheneum, 1988.

Ellison, Ralph. Invisible Man. 1952. New York: Vintage, 1995.

————. “A Party Down at the Square.” In Roediger, Black on White: Black Writers on What It Means to Be White: 342-349.

Gover, Paula. White Boys and River Girls: Stories. New York: Scribner, 1996.

Gurganus, Allan. White People. New York: Knopf, 1991.

Hughes, Langston. The Ways of White Folks. 1934. New York: Vintage, 1990.

Hurston, Zora Neale. Seraph on the Suwanee. 1948. New York: Perennial, 1991.

Larsen, Deborah. The White. NY: Knopf, 2002.

Lauber, Lynn. White Girls. 1991. Xlibris, 2002.

Lee, Chang-rae. Native Speaker. New York: Riverhead, 1995.

————. Aloft. New York: Riverhead, 2004.

Manning, Kate. Whitegirl. New York: Dial, 2002.

Mansbach, Adam. Angry Black White Boy: A Novel. NY: Three Rivers P, 2005.

McKnight, Reginald. White Boys: Stories. Holt, 1998.

Morrison, Toni. The Bluest Eye. 1970. NY: Plume, 1994.

————. “Recitatif.” Confirmation: An Anthology of African American Women. Amiria Baraka and Amina Baraka, eds. New York: Quill, 1983: 243-261.

Oates, Joyce Carol. Black Girl/White Girl. NY: Ecco/Harper Collins, 2006.

Pynchon, Thomas. “The Secret Integration.” Slow Learner. New York: Little, 1984: 139-193.

Roediger, David R., ed. Black on White: Black Writers on What It Means to Be White. New York: Schocken Books, 1998.

Senna, Danzy. Caucasia. New York: Riverhead, 1998.

Schuyler, George. Black No More: A Novel. 1931. New York: Modern Library, 1999.

Wright, Richard. Savage Holiday. 1954. Gerald Early, ed. Oxford: U of Mississippi P, 1994.

 

III. Cinema

 

Abbott, Megan E. The Street Was Mine: White Masculinity in Hardboiled Fiction and Film Noir. NY: Palgrave Macmillan, 2002.

Avilla, Eric. “The Spectacle of Urban Blight: Hollywood’s Rendition of an Urban Los Angeles.” Popular Culture in the Age of White Flight: Fear and Fantasy in Suburban Los Angeles. Berkeley: U of California P, 2004.

Bailey, Cameron. “Nigger/Lover: The Thin Sheen of Race in Something Wild.” Screen 29.4 (1988): 28-42.

Barlowe, Jamie. “The ‘Not-Free’ and ‘Not-Me’: Constructions of Whiteness in Rosewood and Ghosts of Mississippi.” Canadian Review of American Studies 28.3 (1998): 31-46.

Beltran, Mary C. “The New Hollywood Racelessness: Only the Fast, Furious, (and Multiracial) Will Survive.” Cinema Journal 44.2 (Winter 2005): 50-67.

Bernardi, Daniel. Classic Hollywood, Classic Whiteness. U of Minnesota Press, 2001.

————. Star Trek and History: Race-Ing Toward a White Future. Newark: Rutgers U P, 1998.

————. The Birth of Whiteness: Race and the Emergence of U.S. Cinema. Newark: Rutgers U P, 1996.

Bernstein, Matthew and Gaylyn Studlar. Visions of the East: Orientalism in Film. Newark: Rutgers U P, 1997.

Binggeli, Elizabeth. “Burbanking Bigger and Bette the Bitch.” African American Review 40.3 (Fall 2006): 475-92.

Boston, Nicholas. “White: A Film Series.” (Review) Independent Film & Video Monthly 28.4 (May 2005): 22-24.

Briley, Ron. “Basketball’s Great White Hope and Ronald Reagan’s America: Hoosiers (1986).” Film & History: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Film and Television Studies 35.1 (2005): 12-19.

Brody, Jennifer DeVere. “Boyz Do Cry: Screening History’s White Lies.” Screen 43.1 (Spring 2002): 91-96.

Carby, Hazel. “Encoding White Resentment: Grand Canyon—A Narrative for Our Times.” Race, Identity, and Representation in Education. Cameron McCarthy and Warren Crichlow, eds. NY: Routledge, 1993: 236-247.

Churchill, Ward. Fantasies of the Master Race: Literature, Cinema and the Colonization of American Indians. San Francisco: City Lights, 1998.

Davies, Jude, and Carol R. Smith. “White Masculinity as Paternity: Michael Douglas, Fatherhood and the Uses of the American Family.” Gender, Ethnicity and Sexuality in Contemporary American Film. 1997. Chicago: Fitroy Dearborn Publishers, 2000: 16-49.

DeMott, Benjamin. The Trouble with Friendship: Why Americans Can’t Think Straight about Race. NY: Atlantic Monthly Press, 1996.

duCille, Ann. “The Shirley Temple of My Familiar.” Transition: An International Review 73 (1998): 10-32.

Dyer, Richard. White. London: Routledge, 1997.

————. “The White Man’s Muscles.” Race and the Subject of Masculinities. Harry Stecopoulos and Michael Uebel, eds. Durham: Duke U P, 1997: 286-314.

————. “‘There’s Nothing I Can Do! Nothing!’: Femininity, Seriality and Whiteness in The Jewel in the Crown.” Screen. 37.3 (Autumn 1996): 225-239.

————. “Into the Light: The Whiteness of the South in The Birth of a Nation.” Dixie Debates: Perspectives on Southern Culture. Richard H. King and Helen Taylor, eds. New York: New York U P, 1996: 165-176.

————. “The Colour of Virtue: Lillian Gish, Whiteness and Femininity.” Women and Film: A Sight and Sound Reader. Pam Cook and Philip Dodd, eds. Temple U P, 1993: 1-9. (reprint of “A White Star.” Sight & Sound 3.8 [Aug 1993]: 22-24.)

————. “White.” Screen 29 (1988): 44-64.

Dyson, Lynda. “The Return of the Repressed? Whiteness, Femininity and Colonialism in The Piano.” Screen 36.3 (Autumn 1995): 267-276.

Eadie, Jo. “Shivers: Race and Class in the Emperilled Body.” Contested Bodies. Ruth Holliday and John Hassard, eds. New York: Routledge, 2001: 61-78.

Evans, Nicola. “The Family Changes Colour: Interracial Families in Contemporary Hollywood Film.” Screen 43.3 (August 2002): 271-292.

Flory, Dan. “Black on White: Film Noir and the Epistemology of Race in Recent African American Cinema.” Genre, Gender, Race, and World Cinema. Julie Codell, ed. Oxford: Blackwell, 2006: 243-270.

Foster, Gwendolyn Audrey. Performing Whiteness: Postmodern Re/Constructions in the Cinema. Albany, New York: SUNY P, 2003.

————. “A Plantocracy of Images.” Captive Bodies: Postcolonial Subjectivity in Cinema. Albany, New York: SUNY P, 1999: 47-82.

Fuchs, Cynthia. “Weightless Whiteness.” PopPolitics.com 6 May 2003. 23 November 2003 <http://www.poppolitics.com/articles/ 2003-05-06-levity.shtml>

————. “The Unbearable Whiteness of Being.” PopPolitics.com 2 Feb. 2002. 23 November 2003 <http://www.poppolitics.com/articles/2002-02-16-hartswar.shtml>

Gabbard, Kim. Black Magic: White Hollywood and African American Culture. Brunswick: Rugers UP, 2004.

Gabriel, John. “What Do You Do When Minority Means You? Falling Down and the Construction of ‘Whiteness.’ ” Screen 37.2 (Summer 1996): 129-51.

Gaines, Jane. “White Privilege and Looking Relations: Race and Gender in Feminist Film Theory.” Screen 29.4 (Autumn 1988): 12-27.

Giroux, Henry. “Race, Pedagogy, and Whiteness in Dangerous Minds.” Cineaste 22.4 (1997): 46-49.

————. “White Utopias and Nightmare Realities: Film and the New Critical Racism.” Disturbing Pleasures: Learning Popular Culture. NY: Routledge, 1997: 67-92.

————. “White Panic and the Racial Coding of Violence.” Fugitive Cultures: Race, Violence, and Youth. NY: Routledge, 1996: 27-54.

Godfrey, Esther. “ ‘To Be Real’: Drag, Minstrelsy and Identity in the New Millennium.” Genders 41 (2005) October 30, 2006. <http://www.genders.org/g41/g41_godfrey.html>

Gormley, Paul. “Trashing Whiteness: Pulp Fiction, Se7en, Strange Days, and Articulating Affect.” Angelaki 6.1 (April 2001): 155-171.

Gregory, Jay. “ ‘White Man’s Book No Good’: D. W. Griffith and the American Indian.” Cinema Journal 39.4 (2000): 3-26.

Griffin, Sean. “The Gang’s All Here: Generic versus Racial Integration in the 1940s Musical.” Cinema Journal 42.1 (2002): 21-45.

Grundman, Roy. “White Man’s Burden: Eminem’s Movie Debut in 8 Mile.” Cineaste 28.2 (Spring 2003): 30-5.

Halberstam, Judith. “Dude, Where’s My Gender? or, Is There Life on Uranus?” GLQ: A Journal of Lesbian and Gay Studies 10.2 (2004): 308-312.

Harris, Hillary. “Failing ‘White Woman’: Interrogating the Performance of Respectability.” Theatre Journal 52.2 (2000): 183-209.

Hearne, Joanna. “ ‘The Cross-Heart People’: Race and Inheritance in the Silent Western.” Journal of Popular Film and Television 30.4 (Winter 2003): 181-196.

Hicks, Heather. “Hoodoo Economics: White Men’s Work and Black Men’s Magic in Contemporary American Film.” Camera Obscura 53 (2003): 26-55.

Hight, Christopher. “Stereo Types: The Operation of Sound in the Production of Racial Identity.” Leonardo 36.1 (2003): 13-17.

————. “Metal Machine Music: Surface Effect of Sounds and Identity in the Digital Age.” “Whiteness.” (special issue) Room 5 1.1 (2000): 141-167. [on Scott McGehee and David Siegel’s 1992 film Suture]

Hill, Mike. “Can Whiteness Speak? Institutional Anomies, Ontological Disasters, and Three Hollywood Films.” White Trash: Race and Class in America. Matt Wray and Annalee Newitz, eds. New York: Routledge, 1997: 155-173.

Holland, Sharon P. “Death in Black and White: A Reading of Marc Forster’s Monster’s Ball.” Signs 31.3 (Spring 2006): p. 785-813.

Hooks, Bell. “We Are Always More Than Our Pain: Beyond Basquiat.” Z Magazine Nov. 1996. 23 Nov. 2003 <http://zena.secureforum.com/Znet/zmag/articles/nov96hooks.htm>

————. “Representing Whiteness: Seeing Wings of Desire.” Yearning: Race, Gender, and Cultural Politics. Boston: South End Press, 1990: 165-172.

Hull, Stephanie and Maurizio Viano. “The Image of Blacks in the Work of Coppola, De Palma, and Scorsese.” Beyond the Margin: Readings in Italian Americana. Paolo A. Giordano and Anthony Julian Tamburri, eds. Cranbury: Fairleigh Dickinson U P, 1998: 169-197.

Imre, Aniko. “White Man, White Mask: Mephisto Meets Venus.” Screen 40.4 (Winter 1999): 405-422

Jackson, Chuck. “Little, Violent, White: The Bad Seed and the Matter of Children.” Journal of Popular Film and Television (Summer 2000): 64-73.

Jay, Gregory S. “ ‘White Man’s Book No Good’: D. W. Griffith and the American Indian.” Cinema Journal 39:4 (2000): 3-26.

Kane, Kathryn. “Passing As Queer and Racing Toward Whiteness: To Wong Foo, Thanks but No Thanks.” Genders 42 (2005). October 30, 2006. <http://www.genders.org/g42/g42_kane.html>

Kaplan, E. Ann. “The ‘Look’ Returned: Knowledge Production and Constructions of ‘Whiteness’ in Humanities Scholarship and Independent Film.” Whiteness: A Critical Reader. Mike Hill, ed. NY: New York UP, 1997: 316-28.

————. “Travelling White Theorists: The Case of China.” Looking for the Other: Feminism, Film, and the Imperial Gaze. New York: Routledge, 1997.

Knadler, Stephen. “ ‘Blanca from the Block’: Whiteness and the Transnational Latina Body.” Genders 41 (2005). October 30, 2006. <http://www.genders.org/g41/g41_knadler.html>

Kollin, Susan. “Toxic Subjectivity: Gender and the Ecologies of Whiteness in Todd Haynes’s Safe.” Isle 9.1 (2002 Winter): 121-139.

Koshy, Susan. “American Nationhood as Eugenic Romance.” differences: A Journal of Feminist Cultural Studies 12.1 (2001): 50-78.

Kudura Barksdale, Amiri. “Fight Club.” Race Traitor 15 (Fall 2000): 53-90.

Kydd, Elspeth. “ ‘The Ineffaceable Curse of Cain’: Racial Marking and Embodiment in Pinky.” Camera Obscura 43 (2000): 94-121.

Landman, Jane. Tread of a White Man’s Foot: Australian Pacific Colonialism and the Cinema, 1925-62. Honolulu: U of Hawaii P, 2007.

Lee, Karen A. “John Ford’s The Searchers (1956) in Chuang Hua’s Crossings: A Chinese American Woman’s Categorical Liminality in a Cold War Society.” Hitting Critical Mass: a Journal of Asian American Cultural Criticism 4.2 (Summer 1997): 79-86.

Locke, Brian. “ ‘Top Dog,’ ‘Black Threat,’ and ‘Japanese Cats’: The Impact of the White-Black Binary on Asian American Identity.” Radical Philosophy Review 1.2 (1998): 98-125.

Lott, Eric. “The Whiteness of Film Noir.” Whiteness: A Critical Reader. Mike Hill, ed. NY: New York U P, 1997: 81-101.

Lusane, Clarence. “Assessing the Disconnect between Black & White Television Audiences: The Race, Class, and Gender Politics of Married with Children.” Journal of Popular Film and Television 27.1 (Spring 1999): 12-20.

Madison, Kelly J. “Legitimization Crisis and Containment: The ‘Anti-Racist-White-Hero’ Film.” Critical Studies in Mass Communication 16 (1999): 399-416.

Mask, Mia. “Monster’s Ball.” Film Quarterly 58.1 (Fall 2004):44-55.

McCarthy, Cameron, et al. “Race, Suburban Resentment, and the Representation of the Inner City in Contemporary Film and Television.” Cultural Studies: A Research Volume, Vol. 1. Norman K. Denzin, ed. Greenwich: JAI Press, 1996: 121-140.

McCoy, Beth. “Manager, Buddy, Delinquent: Blackboard Jungle’s Desegregating Triangle.” Cinema Journal 38.1 (Fall 1998): 25-39.

McIlroy, Brian. “White Nagasaki/White Japan and a Post-Atomic Butterfly: Joshua Logan’s Sayonora (1957).” A Vision of the Orient: Texts, Intertexts, and Contexts of Madame Butterfly. Jonathan Wisenthal, et al., eds. Toronto: U of Toronto P, 2006: 123-135.

Mennel, Barbara. “White Law and the Missing Black Body in Fritz Lang’s Fury (1936).” Quarterly Review of Film and Video 20.3 (July/September 2003): 203-223.

Muraleedharan, T. “Rereading Gandhi.” Displacing Whiteness: Essays in Social and Cultural Criticism. Ruth Frankenberg, ed. Durham: Duke U P, 1997: 60-85.

Musser, Charles. “ ‘To Redream the Dreams of White Playwrights: Reappropriation and Resistance in Oscar Micheaux’s Body and Soul.” The Yale Journal of Criticism 12.2 (1999): 321-356.

Natter, Wolfgang. “ ‘We Just Gotta Eliminate ‘Em’: On Whiteness and Film in Matewan, Avalon, and Bulworth.” Engaging Film: Geographies of Mobility and Identity. Tim Cresswell and Deborah Dixon, eds. Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield, 2002: 246-270.

Negra, Diane. “Romance and/as Tourism: Heritage Whiteness and the (Inter)National Imaginary in the Woman’s Film.” Keyframes: Popular Cinema and Cultural Studies. Matthew Tinkcom and Amy Villarejo, eds. London: Routledge, 2001: 82-97.

————. Off-White Hollywood: American Culture and Ethnic Female Stardom. NY: Routledge, 2001.

Niu, Greta Ai-Yu. “Performing White Triangles: Joan Rivers’s ‘Womanliness as Masquerade’ and Imitation of Life (1959).” Quarterly Review of Film & Video 22.2 (April-June 2005): 135-145.

Pellegrini, Ann. “You Make Me Feel (Mighty Real): Sandra Bernhard’s Whiteface.” Performance Anxieties: Staging Psychoanalysis, Staging Race. NY: Routledge, 1997: 49-66.

Penley, Constance. “Crackers and Whackers: The White Trashing of Porn.” White Trash: Race and Class in America. Matt Wray and Annalee Newitz, eds. NY: Routledge, 1996: 89-112.

Pfeil, Fred. White Guys: Studies in Postmodern Domination and Difference. NY: Verso, 1995.

Projansky, Sarah, and Kent A. Ono. “Strategic Whiteness as Cinematic Racial Politics.” Whiteness: The Communication of Social Identity. Thomas K. Nakayama and Judith Martin, eds. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage, 1999: 149-174.

Rogin, Michael. Blackface, White Noise: Jewish Immigrants in the Hollywood Melting Pot. Berkeley: U of California P, 1996.

————. “Blackface, White Noise: the Jewish Jazz Singer Finds His Voice.” Critical Inquiry 18 (Spring 1992): 417-453.

————. “‘The Sword Becomes a Flashing Vision’: D. W. Griffith’s Birth of a Nation.” Representations 9 (Winter 1985): 150-95.

Roth, Elaine. “Black and White Masculinity in Three Steven Soderbergh Films.” Genders 43 (2006). October 20, 2006. <http://www.genders.org/g43/g43_roth.html>

Ruby, Jay. “The Viewer Viewed: The Reception of Ethnographic Film.” Picturing Culture: Explorations of Film and Anthropology. Chicago: U of Chicago P, 2000.

Shoaib, Mahwash. “The Heart of Whiteness: The Allure of Tourism in Vertical Limit and The Beach.” Bad Subjects 54 (March 2001). 23 Nov. 2003 <http://eserver.org/bs/54/shoaib.html>.

Shohat, Ella and Robert Stam. Unthinking Eurocentrism: Multiculturalism and the Media. New York: Routledge, 1994.

Shome, Raka. “Race and Popular Cinema: The Rhetorical Strategies of Whiteness in City of Joy.” Communication Quarterly 44.4 (Fall 1996): 502-518

Shu, Yuan. “Reading the Kung Fu Film in an American Context: From Bruce Lee to Jackie Chan.” Journal of Popular Film and Television 31.2 (Summer 2003): 50-59.

Slavin, David Henry. Colonial Cinema and Imperial France, 1919-1939: White Blind Spots, Male Fantasies, Settler Myths. Johns Hopkins U P, 2001.

Smith, Jeff. “Black Faces, White Voices: The Politics of Dubbing In Carmen Jones.” The Velvet Light Trap 51 (Spring 2003): 29-42.

Stratton, J. “Not Really White—Again: Performing Jewish Difference in Hollywood Films since the 1980s.” Screen 42.2 (Summer 2002): 142-166.

Thornley, Davinia. “White, Brown or ‘Coffee’? Revisioning Race in Tamahori’s Once were Warriors.” Film Criticism 25.3 (Spring 2001): 22-36.

————. “Duel or Duet? Gendered Nationalism in The Piano.” Film Criticism 24.3 (Spring 2000): 61-76.

Tierney, Sean M. “Themes of Whiteness in Bulletproof Monk, Kill Bill, and The Last Samurai.” Journal of Communication 56.3 (2006): 607-24.

Tung, Charlene. “Embodying an Image: Gender, Race, and Sexuality in La Femme Nikita.” Action Chicks: New Images of Tough Women in Popular Culture. Sherrie A. Inness, ed. New York: Palgrave, 2004: 95-122.

Wald, Gayle. “Clueless in the Neocolonial World Order.” Camera Obscura 42 (September 1999): 50-69.

Wallace, Michele. “The Good Lynching and The Birth of a Nation: Discourses and Aesthetics of Jim Crow.” Cinema Journal
43.1 (Fall 2003): 85-104.

Walsh. Michael. “ ‘No Place for a White Man’: United Artists’ Far East Department, 1922-1929.” Asian Cinema Journal 7.2 (Winter 1995): 18-33.

Watts, Eric King. “Border Patrolling and ‘Passing’ in Eminem’s 8 Mile.” Critical Studies in Media Communication 22.3 (Aug 2005): 187-206.

Watts, Jill. Mae West: An Icon in Black and White. Oxford: Oxford U Press, 2001.

Wiegman, R. “Whiteness Studies and the Paradox of Particularity.” boundary 2 26:3 (Fall, 1999): 115-150.

Williams, Linda. Playing the Race Card: Melodramas of Black and White from Uncle Tom to O.J. Simpson. Princeton: Princeton U P, 2001.

Wong, Sau-ling C. “Diverted Mothering: Representations of Caregivers of Color in the Age of ‘Multiculturalism’.” Mothering: Ideology, Experience, and Agency. Evelyn Nakano Glenn, Grace Chang, and Linda Rennie Forcey, eds. (NY: Routledge, 1993): 67-91.

 

IV. The Visual Arts

 

Adams, Ruth. “Drella Plays the White Man: Andy Warhol and the Construction of White Masculinity.” “Whiteness.” (special issue) Room 5 1.1 (2000): 25-37.

Archer-Straw, Petrine. Negrophilia: Avant-Garde Paris and Black Culture in the 1920s. London: Thames & Hudson, 2000.

Batchelor, David. “Whitescapes.” Chromophobia. London: Reaktion Books, 2000: 9-20

Berger, Martin A. Sight Unseen: Whiteness and American Visual Culture. Berkeley: U of California P, 2005.

————. “Overexposed: Whiteness and the Landscape Photography of Carleton Watkins.” Oxford Art Journal 26.1 (2003): 1-23.

Berger, Maurice, ed. White: Whiteness and Race in Contemporary Art. Baltimore: Center for Art and Visual Culture, 2003.

————. “Picturing Whiteness: Nikki S. Lee’s Yuppie Project.”Art Journal 60.4 (Winter 2001): 55-57.

————. “Black Skin, White Masks: Adrian Piper and the Politics of Viewing.” How Art Becomes History: Essays on Art, Society, and Culture in Post-New Deal America. NY: HarperCollins, 1992.

————. “The Critique of Pure Racism: An Interview with Adrian Piper.” AfterImage 18.3 (October 1990): 5-9. Rptd. in Adrian Piper: A Retrospective. Maurice Berger, ed. Baltimore: U of Maryland Baltimore County Fine Arts Gallery, 1999: 76-98.

Bowles, John. “Ever After Whiteness.” (catalogue essay) After Whiteness. David Roediger, preface. Ispace Gallery, Chicago, 2003.

————. “Blinded by the White: Art and History at the Limits of Whiteness.” Art Journal 60.4 (Winter 2001): 38-43.

Brett, Guy. “Qualities of Interaction.” Third Text: Critical Perspectives on Contemporary Art and Culture 54 (Spring 2001): 107-110.

Camnitzer, Luis. “Wonder Bread and Spanglish Art.” Beyond the Fantastic: Contemporary Art Criticism from Latin America. Gerardo Mosquera, ed. London: Institute of International Visual Arts, 1996: 154-164.

Carasso, R. “ ‘Whiteness, A Wayward Construction’ at the Laguna Art Museum.” (Exhibition Review) Artweek 34.5 (June 2003): 18-19.

Chin, Daryl. “Some Remarks on Racism in the American Arts.” 1988. M/E/A/N/I/N/G: An Anthology of Artists’ Writings, Theory, and Criticism. Susan Bee, Mira Shor, eds. Duke U P, 2000: 144-154.

Clarke, David. “Contemporary Asian Art and Its Western Reception.” Third Text: Critical Perspectives on Contemporary Art and Culture 16.3 (2002): 237-242.

Clayton, Campbell. “The Last White Art Show.” (Exhibition Review) Flash Art 232 (Oct. 2003): 59-61.

Coutts-Smith, Kenneth. “Cultural Colonialism.” Third Text: Critical Perspectives on Contemporary Art and Culture 16.1 (2002): 1-14. (originally printed in Black Phoenix, 1978)

Davis, Mike. “Reading (PA.) by Bomb Light.” November 5, 2003. <http://www.nationinstitute.org/tomdispatch/index.mhtml?pid=957>

Edwards, Holly, ed. Noble Dreams, Wicked Pleasures: Orientalism in America, 1870-1930. Princeton: Princeton U P, 2000.

Fernandez-Sacco, Ellen. “Check Your Baggage: Resisting Whiteness in Art History.” Art Journal 60.4 (Winter 2001): 59-61.

Gaule, Sally. “Poor White, White Poor: Meanings in the Differences of Whiteness.” History of Photography 25.4 (Winter 2001): 334-347.

hooks, bell. “We Are Always More Than Our Pain: Beyond Basquiat.” Z Magazine Nov. 1996. 23 Nov. 2003 <http://zena.secureforum.com/Znet/zmag/articles/nov96hooks.htm>

————. “Altars of Sacrifice: Re-membering Basquiat.” Art on My Mind: Visual Politics. NY: New Press, 1995: 35-48.

Jackson, Phyllis J. “Liberating Blackness and Interrogating Whiteness.” Art/Women/California 1950-2000. Diana Burgess Fuller and Daniela Salvioni, eds. Berkeley: U of California P and San Jose Museum of Art, 2002.

Kosasa, Karen K. “Pedagogical Sights/Sites: Producing Colonialism and Practicing Art in the Pacific.” Art Journal 57.3 (Fall 1998): 46-54.

Lee, Anthony W. Picturing Chinatown: Art and Orientalism in San Francisco. Berkeley: U of CA Press, 2001.

Lubin, David M. “Projecting an Image: The Contested Cultural Identity of Thomas Eakins.” The Art Bulletin 84.3 (September 2002): 510-522.

McGrath, Ann. “White Brides: Images of Marriage across Colonizing Boundaries.” Frontiers: A Journal of Women Studies 23.3 (2002): 76-108.

Mura, David. “Cultural Claims and Appropriations.” Art Papers 21 (March/April 1997): 6-11.

Nettleton, Taro. “White on White: The Overbearing Whiteness of Warhol Being.” Art Journal 62.1 (Spring 2003): 14-23.

Oguibe, Olu. “Whiteness and ‘The Canon.’ ” Art Journal 60.4 (Winter 2001): 45-47.

Ourden, Mark. “Viewing Positions: Steven McQueen.” Parachute 98 (April/June 2000): 18-25.

Phelan, Peggy. “White Men and Pregnancy: Discovering the Body to Be Rescued.” Unmarked: The Politics of Performance. NY: Routledge, 1993: 130-145.

Pieterse, Jan Nederveen. White on Black: Images of Africa and Blacks in Western Popular Culture. New Haven: Yale U P, 1992.

Pindell, Howardena. “On Making a Video: Free, White and 21.” The Heart of the Question: The Writings and Paintings of Howardena Pindell. New York: Midmarch Arts Press, 1997: 65-69.

Piper, Adrian. “The Triple Negation of Colored Women Artists.” 1990. The Feminism and Visual Culture Reader. Amelia Jones, ed. New York: Routledge, 2003: 239-248.

————. “Whiteless.” Art Journal 60.4 (Winter 2001): 62-65.

————. “The Logic of Modernism: How Greenburg Stole the Americans Away from a Tradition of Euroethnic Social Content.” Flash Art 168 (January-February 1993): 56-58, 118, 136.

————. “Who Is Safely White?” Women Artists News 12.2 (June 1987): 6.

Poole, Deborah. Vision, Race and Modernity: A Visual Economy of the Andeán Image World. Princeton: Princeton U P, 1997.

Pujol, Ernesto. “Notes on Obsessive Whiteness.” Art Journal 59.1 (Spring 2000): 98

Roediger, David R. “ ‘I Came for the Art:’ Exposing Whiteness and Imagining Nonwhite Spaces.” Whiteness: A Wayward Construction, Tyler Stallings, ed. Laguna Beach: Laguna Art Museum, 2003, 53-64. Reprinted in Art Papers (May-June, 2003): 22-27. 

————. “Plotting Against Eurocentrism: The 1929 Surrealist Map of the World.” Race Traitor 9 (1998): 32-39.

Rosenthal, Angela. “Visceral Culture: Blushing and the Legibility of Whiteness in Eighteenth-century British Portraiture.” Art History 27.4 (September 2004): 563-92.

Savage, Kirk. Standing Soldiers, Kneeling Slaves. Princeton: Princeton U P, 1997.

Smith, Shawn Michelle. “ ‘Baby’s Picture is Always Treasured’: Eugenics and the Reproduction of Whiteness in the Family Photograph Album.” The Yale Journal of Criticism 11.1 (1998): 197-220.

Stallings, Tyler, ed. Whiteness: A Wayward Construction. Laguna Beach: Laguna Art Museum, 2003.

Stevenson, Karen. “ ‘The Coming of the Light’: Privileging Indigenous Beliefs.” Art Journal 60.4 (Winter 2001): 49-53.

van der Watt, Liese. “ ‘Making Whiteness Strange’: White Identity in Post-apartheid South African Art.” Third Text 56 (Autumn 2001): 63-74.

————. “Witnessing Trauma in Post-Apartheid South Africa: The Question of Generational Responsibility.” African Arts 38.3 (Autumn 2005): 26-35, 93.

Van Robbroeck, Lize. “Writing White on Black: Identity and Difference in South African Art Writing of the Twentieth Century.” Third Text 17.2 (June 2003): 171-182.

Wallace, Michele. “The Prison House of Culture: Why African Art? Why the Guggenheim? Why Now?” The Visual Culture Reader. Nicholas Mirzoeff, ed. New York: Routledge, 1998: 371-382.

————. “Why Are There No Great Black Artists? The Problem of Visuality in African-American Culture.” Black Popular Culture. Michele Wallace and Gina Dent, eds. Bay Press, 1992, 333-46. Reprinted in Michele Wallace, Dark Designs and Visual Culture (Durham: Duke University Press, 2004): 184-194.

Yeh, Diana. “Groping in the Dark: Encountering the Works of Steve McQueen.” in “Whiteness.” (special issue) Room 5 1.1 (2000): 39-55.